The history of South Africa Essay

The historical backdrop of South Africa over the most recent hundred years before the happening to popular government has obviously mirrored the patterns of numerous nations all through the world. In this article I will utilize the United State of America as the picked nation since I accept that both African American individuals and Black South African individuals have endured comparative instructive chronicles. For quite a long time in the two nations there was a urgent need and the making of a reasonable and just society. In my paper I will fundamentally break down historiography dependent on examination, assessment and the utilization of this information. I will additionally utilize my insight into historiography to clarify the starting point of South African Educational Historiography. I will likewise incorporate how it has transformed our nation from the past to the current days. I will additionally be taking a gander at how USA has created and changed in their instructive frame work. In my article I will clarify how United State of America’s instructive historiography has impacted South Africa and how South Africa has additionally profited by them. Ultimately I will concentrate on why it is significant as a future educator to be instructed on the historical backdrop of training globally and locally. I will likewise give reasons concerning how I as a future educator can profit by my discoveries. Historiography is the investigation of the approach of the narratives and the improvements of history as a control. When contemplating historiography, you are not examining the happenings of the past legitimately yet you are additionally considering the changing understandings of those occasions. The subject of historiography is the historical backdrop of the historical backdrop of the occasion. I will utilize historiography to clarify the manner in which it has been composed, the clashing destinations sought after by those occasions that happened over the long haul, the manner by which these variables shape our comprehension of the real occasion that was in danger. It is significant for us to must have gained from the past with the end goal for us to be guided on account of the moral issues that we face today. The underlining opinion of historiography is one of distrusting. History is rarely genuinely fair yet consistently presents the students of history perspective on things. Since we have an away from of what historiography is I will currently additionally decipher South African instructive historiography. In South Africa before the white had settled, training was exclusively innately based and there were no type of schools as we currently know them in our current days. The youngsters in the pre-pilgrim times realized what they had to know from their folks and their ancestral pioneers. Formal school instruction in South Africa was continuously presented after the whites showed up. The previous advancement that was made in the Cape where it was the British after their occupation in 1806, who got tutoring in progress on an important premise. Training was not yet mandatory and numerous Dutch guardians decided not to send their youngsters to schools that we cast in the English shape and which exclusively educated with the help of English. Social class divisions among Whites were likewise fortified since auxiliary instruction not at all like essential train ing tutoring was not free. This turned into the perfect of more extravagant individuals. A large number of slaves had been brought into the Cape as a wellspring of work. In 1833 subjection was built up trying to impart social order in the offspring of previous slaves. The primary point was to show essential perusing, composing and number juggling just as compliance and the estimation of difficult work with the goal that such kids could be brought into society as pay workers. By far most of African youngsters got no tutoring and when they did it was as a rule on account of the ministers. They didn't go farther than the elementary school stage. In the 1830’s gatherings of Dutch chose to become members in specific quarters known as the extraordinary trek. The foundation of the areas Orange Free State, Transvaal and Natal after the association of South Africa appeared in 1910. When the Union of South Africa came into place, the four common instruction offices were sent to control and manage essential and auxiliary training. Advanced education was the obligation of the Union Department. Training consumption emphatically preferred whites with free a nd obligatory tutoring. Indians, Coloreds and Africans were insufficiently provided food for. Their schools were viewed as independent substances run by the preachers and drawing just measly appropriations from the administration. The Bantu Education Act was built up in 1953. This Act was planned to make African instruction a focal government work with the goal that its course and reason could be all the more adequately controlled by the politically-sanctioned racial segregation legislators. The white educators were pulled back from African schools and were supplanted by African instructors that were unfit. The standard of training in South Africa languished over African youngsters. In 1975, the priest of Bantu Education proclaimed that specific subjects in secondary school must be concentrated in Afrikaans and others were instructed in the mechanism of English. Africans protested this in light of the fact that they would need to learn three dialects. To provide for their annoyance towards the Bantu Educati on Act, there was around 20 000 understudies that walked through Soweto on the sixteenth of June 1976. People groups Education was received as a system by the mass based National Education Crisis Committee at two memorable meetings in 1985 and 1986. The center of the strategy of People Education under the particular states of Apartheid free enterprise in the mid 1980’s, the formation of new training structures and the organization of new practices could add to a procedure of social change. The undertakings disintegrated generally and the dark network was resolute in its battle to achieve the ruin of politically-sanctioned racial segregation. Training was a vital apparatus realizing a conclusion to politically-sanctioned racial segregation. At the point when the ANC came into power in 1994 the basis for the new strategies in training for all the individuals in its country had been laid. As indicated by the CAPS archive one of the center standards is social change guaranteeing that the instructive lopsided characteristics of the past are reviewed, and that equivalent instructive open doors are accommodated all areas of the populace. This new instructive arrangement has successfully begun the procedure of significant change in this nation with regards to the standard of vote based system that all individuals ought to be given equivalent chances. In the United State of America, government had upheld free and government funded training and it had along these lines been created after the American Revolution. This happened somewhere in the range of 1750 and 1870 where parochial schools showed up as â€Å"ad hoc†. These schools were open fundamentally for Catholic youngsters yet additionally the Orthodox, Lutherans, Calvinists and Orthodox Jews. These schools concentrated primarily on the three R’s of perusing, composing and math yet additionally history and geology. In the nineteenth century American instruction is frequently alluded to as the â€Å"common school period†. It went from being at last private to being accessible to the normal masses. The basic schools development was not until the 1840’s did a sorted out framework exist. This regular educational system was made by Henry Barnard and Horace Mann. This was centered around looking for internal open doors for all kids and making a typical bond among progressively different populace. They contended that training could save social solidness and forestall wrongdoing and neediness. Free basic training was financed by open assets. In 1986 the Supreme Court set up that there will be discrete schools for high contrast understudies. This choice denied an African American student of numerous instructive advantages and it had put them off guard. They needed to makeâ do with whatever assets that they could obtain in light of the fact that they were unmistakably under financed and guardians couldn't bear to pay the expenses. This had out them at an unjustifiable shortcoming regarding learning and training. A persuasive gathering of instructors known as the advisory group of ten was set up in 1892 suggested that youngsters ought to get 12 years of tutoring that comprises of 8 years of basic training and was then a further 4 years of auxiliary training. As the nineteenth century was the dynamic time, the twentieth century was inclusivism and free training for all. The State had controlled free government funded instruction and it was the standard. State funded schools d idn't constrain guardians to utilize government funded schools. Parochial schools and other non-public schools were practical choices. The battle for reasonable and equivalent instruction for the African Americans was long and hard yet a great deal of progress had been put forth through the attempts of the NAACP who pushed for decency in the training framework. In America, schools were integrated in 1954 and despite the fact that the framework despite everything battles to locate its shared conviction with issues identifying with reasonable instruction for African American training. The country has progressed significantly since the establishing of the first â€Å"coloured schoolhouse† in 1890. The USA was viewed as a reference point of vote based system where the constitution took into consideration equivalent rights to all the individuals yet up until 1950 instruction and other social parts of life had stayed to be isolated. This was a reasonable gap among African and White American schools. The American constitution expressed that schools will be equivalent yet independent as it was unmistakably apparent i n the South African American youngsters got substandard training with respect to the white partners. The situation had copied itself in South Africa where the hole increased as time passes. In accordance with the Bantu Act, there was less cash given to every African student per school. The African kids got mediocre training where they were just instructed enough to take up a vocation in the semi-talented and the more gifted. They could turn into the researchers and specialists that they needed to become as they were not permitted to ha

Prejudice and Stereotyping in Society Essay Example for Free

Partiality and Stereotyping in Society Essay Generalizing is a type of partiality and is likewise the foundation of prejudice and separation. A generalization typically applies to an entire gathering of individuals who accomplish something with a particular goal in mind. To them, it appears to be characteristic, however to certain individuals its bizarre. Frequently, a name is given to the gathering, and to each person. For instance, geek is the generalization name for somebody who is typically a PC whizz and cant play sport well indeed. This anyway isnt in every case valid, in light of the fact that numerous individuals are PC wonders and furthermore great at sports. In any case, in the event that you saw somebody who you didnt realize come to class with circles and PC stuff, you would presumably say, hes a geek, or shes a geek. The issue with that will be that you are making a judgment of their character without really recognizing what they resemble. Another genuine model is towards light haired individuals, ladies specifically. One writer went for an end of the week with light hair, instead of her standard brunette look, and saw that nobody paid attention to her thoughts. That is the thing that generalizations are about. At the point when society has an overstated thought regarding a gathering of individuals, when you see somebody who appears to fit the portrayal you judge them as that generalization. A few generalizations are called names, since its truly like a name adhered to you. Theres no mischief in coming to that meaningful conclusion, yet names can likewise be a name for a person. For instance, in the event that somebody was known as Lazy-Bones, it implies that they dont consistently do their piece of the activity, let the group down, and whatever else that can be associated with being sluggish. That individual currently has two options: one is to in reality experience their name and transform into a major lethargic individual, or they can retaliate and demonstrate that they arent apathetic. Most generalizations center around the awful things about someones character, or not really awful, however progressively like a territory that theyre not solid in. On the off chance that somebody gets marked for something they cannot do, it could have terrible mental impacts on them. This is a method of tormenting. Another way that generalizing can have a harassing impact is when there is a social generalization of how men or ladies, young men or young ladies should act, and one individual doesnt fit the generalization, individuals treat them like a weirdo. Nobody truly needs to act with a specific goal in mind and we are excessively perplexing to be flawlessly racked under a couple of dumb marks, as though there are just a couple of sorts of individuals rather than a wide range of ones. Another issue with generalizations is the point at which it influences an entire gathering of individuals, for example, the nineteenth. Century Irish. In those days the Irish had a notoriety of being overwhelming consumers, lethargic, problematic, inconvenient, brutal, and unscrupulous individuals. This implied a large portion of them fitted those generalizations. For the individuals who didnt, the way that the generalization existed didnt make it any simpler for them to get work instead of state, an Italian, whos generalization was(still is) persevering, fair and dependable. The great Irelander may have fit the Italian generalization, yet when the representative hears Irish they dispose of them. Considering the ongoing psychological oppression assaults in America, numerous individuals have gotten biased towards Muslims, since the fear based oppressor office is accepted to be Muslim. Luckily, this circumstance hasnt become excessively insane in light of the fact that political pioneers, for example, President Bush of the USA have caused us to understand that it wasnt brought about by each and every Muslim, except just a bunch in examination, and on the off chance that anybody is to pay for it, it is simply the psychological oppressors. Be that as it may, would could it be that makes us need to name, generalization, and pre-judge? It is all piece of a significant procedure called Generalization. Pretty much everybody has this capacity to sum up. Summing up is an automatic procedure that happens in our brains. It is identified with gaining for a fact and anticipating what's to come. We can make a speculation about fire, that it consumes and could murder you in the event that you let it. We know this from seeing things like logs or paper catching fire, or state, on the off chance that you put your finger into a fire and it consumes your finger. Warmth and agony. Presently, from your involvement in fire, you can say, fires are hot, and they hurt you. So when you see a fire, you realize that you shouldnt contact it. Saying that flames are hot is a bias, however it isnt supremacist towards flames or extremism. On the off chance that we didnt can sum up, marry put our finger in the fire each time we see one since marry never discover that flames can kill or hurt you. As should be obvious here, speculation is an important endurance device. This equivalent standard can apply to individuals. On the off chance that you confessed to somebody a mystery, and they told every other person, next time you have a mystery, you know who not to tell. Prejudice is the point at which you take a gander at the way a specific culture/race/ethnic gathering do things another way to how your gathering may do them. This raises to prevalence, accepting that your gathering is more significant and preferable and increasingly important over different gatherings, and not tolerating that they state, the your conclusion doesnt check condition, normally known as bias. The most obvious case of extremism by and by is likely in the times of bondage in the United States, and the politically-sanctioned racial segregation in South Africa. In America, the dark individuals were victimized, constrained into subjugation, even sold in barters as slaves. In South Africa, the Afrikaners (white South Africans) passed laws that limited what dark individuals could do. The politically-sanctioned racial segregation plan was to send the locals once more into their piece of Africa, despite the fact that they had been in A south African area ages before the Afrikaners were even longed for. Dogmatism is a regularly coldblooded practice however the individuals it influences usually discover the solidarity to drive forward with the oppressors, and in the end win at long last. In end to this we understand that making speculations is significant, yet it is likewise mishandled to become prejudice, naming, and extremism.

Soil Properties Practical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Soil Properties Practical - Essay Example There are extraordinary and differing attributes of soil; (1) Particle Size, (2) Bulk Density, (3) Consistence, (4) Texture and (5) Water-holding Capacity. This lab will gather in deciding 4 unique sorts of strong from the 4 examples gave utilizing the mechanical examination method. This method is established on the idea that various sizes of soil particles drop out of suspension at various paces. Mechanical investigation of the surface of soil puts a blend of soil and water in a glass chamber which is shaken to where suspension particles show up. These suspension particles step by step settle to the base of the chamber once positioned on a level surface and is undisturbed. As indicated by Stokes Law, various sizes of particles drop out of suspension at various velocities. These rates are unmistakably characterized by this law. This law in a general sense expresses that bigger particles will in general settle quicker out of suspension rather than littler particles. In this way, because of the way that sand particles are bigger than earth or residue, they will in general structure a particular layer at the base once its settles out of suspension. This strategy utilizes a hydrometer. Stage 3: Added 5 ml of a weaken Calgon arrangement. The Calgon was to help scatter the dirt particles so they would fall freely of one another. This is essential since this is a basic presumption of Stokes law. Stage 4: Filled the blender cup with refined water so the highest point of the suspension is around 10 cm from the top. Set the top on the blender and mix for around 5 minutes. This progression is intended to altogether scatter the dirt particles. Stage 7: Placed an elastic plug over the finish of the chamber and re-suspended the blend by turning the chamber start to finish a few times vivaciously. At that point set the chamber down and recorded the specific time (to the second). Stage 8: Immediately in the wake of putting the chamber down, painstakingly embedded the hydrometer into

LEGAL REASONING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Legitimate REASONING - Essay Example The state offers charge exceptions on property left to mates after the passing of their accomplices (Wood, 2011). In any case, the state denied her solicitation on understanding that she was hitched to an individual of a similar sex. There was a government law in power in the US, the marriage demonstration that protected marriage, DOMA, which neglected to incorporate an equivalent sex accomplice in its meaning of the term ‘spouse’ (Leonard, 2013). She chose to record a suit in court testing the legality of the government law arrangement subsequent to consenting to make good on the charges. Both the US Courts of Appeal and the US District Court conveyed a decision that the arrangement in the rule law was not established and as such arranged the State of New York to give a discount for the whole paid by Windsor in charges for her property (Boies and Olson, 2008). The Supreme Court, in a comparable case pitting the Governor of Utah and the Salt Lake City Clerk, in their abilities against Derek Kitchen, Kate Call, Kody Partridge, Moudi Sbeity, Laurie Wood and Karen Archer, didn't maintain the choice by the province of Utah to boycott relationships by same sex couples in 2004. The offended parties whined of maltreatment of their privileges by the province of Utah, since it neglected to perceive such relationships and accord them the acknowledgment agreed to relationships between hetero accomplices (Engdahl, 2009). One reason given by the Supreme Court to legitimize their choice in the intrigue was that the arrangement of that government law energized the reduction of the privilege of every American resident to wed any individual of their decision (Leonard, 2013). Further, it would prevent this segment from securing the populace their entitlement to build up a family as they may will, bring up their kids just as appreciate the genuine insurance offered by the laws of the State concerning relationships (Fredericks, 2009). Equity Kennedy set that the Fourteenth Amendment in the US Constitution ensured these rights. It has consistently been a

The 8 Primary Parts of Speech

The 8 Primary Parts of Speech EP 30: English Grammar 101: The 8 Primary Parts of Speech EP 30: English Grammar 101: The 8 Primary Parts of Speech This week we continue our weekly mini series. We are investigating the foundations of English grammar, starting with the basics and moving on from there. This week we discuss the 8 primary parts of speech and how they can improve your capacity to communicate. Join Cath Anne as she reviews the foundations of English grammar. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:05] Hey guys. Im Cath Anne and welcome to the Homework Help Show. I cant believe that is already Episode 30 of the show. In this show, for those of you who dont know, we provide you with content for your academic and student life. Cath Anne: [00:00:26] Just a quick reminder before we do jump into the content, every Monday at 7pm Eastern Standard Time you can join me live on Instagram and we will just have a quick chat and Ill remind you to check out some of our videos. Love to see you guys there. Cath Anne: [00:00:48] This week we are returning to our Grammar 101 series and we are going to talk about the parts of speech. All words in the language classified as one of the parts of speech. Understanding these different parts of speech can allow you to communicate more fluently, it can allow you to write more quality essays, it can help you to punctuate sentences properly. These are all the foundations of learning to speak and write in English. These tips can be helpful for anyone even if you are a native English speaker. It always helps to get back to the foundations of the language and to re-learn a few of these skills. So, if youre interested, continue watching. Cath Anne: [00:01:28] The 8 parts of speech are nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions and conjunctions. Last week we discussed nouns and pronouns and this week we are going to give you a brief overview of the other parts of speech. You can feel free to pause the video at any time to stop and take notes, read what Ive put on the board, if thats of benefit to you. Cath Anne: [00:02:04] Lets start with the verb. A verb is a word that describes an action or a state of being. Now, the second part of the definition here is really important as many believe that verbs are only words that indicate an action or that can be visualized. This is true of words like, walk, run, jump, play, sing, laugh, dance. Cath Anne: [00:02:40] Those are all words that indicate actions. Our options. However, there are also linking verbs and these are words that indicate a state of being, classification or existence. The following are the most common linking-verbs: is, am, were, was. And then we also have verb phrases ending in be, been and being. So, keep in mind that these are all verbs as well even though they dont indicate blatant action. Cath Anne: [00:03:15] Another thing to remember is that verbs often change their ending to indicate a temporal relationship or a relationship to time. This is referred to as verb tense. For example, walk is the present tense of the verb to walk and walked with an ed added to it indicates the past tense of the verb walk. Cath Anne: [00:03:43] So, as you see there, we change the verb tense depending on its relationship to time. Cath Anne: [00:03:53] Moving on to the adjectives. An adjective modifies, limits, or describes a noun or a pronoun. Essentially it provides more information about the person, place or thing it is describing. For example, in the sentence, Frank is a tall, skinny man can you guess which are the adjectives? Tall and skinny are both adjectives because they describe the, noun or the subject, who is Frank. Cath Anne: [00:04:30] Then we have adverbs. They are certainly similar to adjectives, but they act in the same way towards verbs. So, they modify a verb. You might recognize adverbs because they generally tend to end in ly. Cath Anne: [00:04:48] So, for example, in a sentence, Susan walked slowly towards the door, the adverb would be the word slowly, because it describes how Susan walked. Cath Anne: [00:05:11] A preposition shows the relationship between a noun and a verb. this one is also in relation to time, or space, or direction. Cath Anne: [00:05:22] Now, Ill explain this a little bit more. So, for instance, lets take the sentence, Mark walked toward the door. The word toward is a preposition because it indicates that Mark is walking in a certain direction. When linked with nouns and pronouns, prepositions create phrases that are called prepositional phrases. So, for example, in the sentence I just gave you, toward the door is considered a prepositional phrase because it ends with the word toward. Cath Anne: [00:06:03] Finally, we have conjunctions. These ones are really quite fun. Conjunctions are used to link words and parts of sentences together. They can also be considered joining words. There are four different types of conjunctions. We have coordinating conjunctions, we have subordinating conjunctions, we have conjunctive adverbs, and we have correlative conjunctions. Dont worry, Ill walk you through. Cath Anne: [00:06:31] Such. Dont worry a lot. So, coordinating conjunctions are words like: for, and, Nor, but, or, yet, so. Cath Anne: [00:06:47] They are used to connect similar words or independent clauses, in other words, sentences together. Coordinating conjunctions are often referred to as FANBOYS. That can help you to remember all the words that are in coordinating conjunctions. Cath Anne: [00:07:14] Subordinating conjunctions come at the beginning of a subordinate clause. They are used to connect the subordinate clause to the rest of the sentence. They can also be referred to as the independent clause. Common subordinating conjunctions are: after, although, because, before, even though, if, once, rather than, since that, though, unless, until, whenever, whereas, and while. That was a lot of words. For example, I went to the cafeteria before I went to class. Cath Anne: [00:07:58] The word before connects the subordinate clause, I went to class with the independent clause, I went to the cafeteria. So, the word before was a conjunction because it joins those two clauses. Cath Anne: [00:08:19] We then have conjunctive adverbs, and these are going to be really important for you guys, so, make sure you pay attention here. These are transitional words used to connect one sentence to another. Cath Anne: [00:08:20] Common conjunctive adverbs include: additionally, in addition, moreover, also, however, for example, in conclusion. You probably recognize ones a little bit. This is because conjunctive adverbs can be really helpful when you are writing an essay. There many times that you will want your essay to flow so you will use a conjunctive adverb to join one sentence with another and continue your thought process. Definitely, take note of those and use them in your writing. Cath Anne: [00:09:14] Then, last but not least, we have correlative conjunctions. They are a combination of coordinating conjunctions with another word. For example, in the sentence, Both John and I are having a hard time at homework, both and and would be considered correlative conjunctions because as you can see they join the sentence together. They join John and I together and they make the sentence flow properly. Cath Anne: [00:09:53] Okay, so, I hope that was of benefit to you. If you do have any questions, please leave them in the comments below. Cath Anne: [00:10:01] Next week, we will be getting into the nitty gritty and more substantial content around grammar. We will be talking about how to use one word versus another word. We will be talking about a variety of words and how to use them in different cases in the English language. Sometimes they can be confusing. So, we will talk about that and we will talk about some of the common errors that are made as well. Cath Anne: [00:10:30] If you did like this video and you want to see more of our content, check us out on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Medium, Spotify SoundCloud, Anchor, iTunes Apple Podcast, Google Play Music and of course right here on YouTube. If you did like this video and you want to see more of us give us a thumbs up. It would really help us and also subscribe to our channel to keep in the loop. Thats it for me this week guys. I hope to talk to you soon. I hope this was of benefit. Take care.

Suicide Among Elders Psychology Writing Assignment - 1100 Words

Suicide Among Elders Psychology Writing Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: Suicide among EldersNameInstitutional AffiliationSuicide among eldersIntroductionSuicide can be defined as the act of taking ones own life. It is a common phenomenon occurring in society today as a result of the victim suffering from psychological issues, which overwhelm them and they result to killing themselves. The elderly have not been spared either and there has been a steady increase in the number of suicides among the elderly. A great deal can be attributed to their current elderly state and possession of the means to do so such as firearms, medication among others (Slater, 2005).There are a number of reasons that lead the elderly to committing suicide but a lot of the reasons can be attributed to their psychological view and perceptions they have of themselves and that which they perceive society has towards them. Even though the suicides occur at an elderly age, the causes start at very young age. Hope is vital and necessary when it comes to one choosing to c ontinue living or not. Being hopeful for a better tomorrow motivates one become more appreciative of life. However, when if at a young age the individual is raised under conditions which undermine their hope, the negative impacts remain with them and as they grow, they become less hopeful of life and the general aspect of living. This is leads to suicide once the person reaches an older age since they have nothing more to live for, before they were going with the flow of life, but when they reach an age where not much is happening, they tend to take their own lives (McLeod, 2008).Another reason that has its roots deep since childhood is the will to live. It can be said that the sheer will or desire to live makes one more conscious of their own lives. However, when the will to live is challenged by low self-esteem and shame, an individual lives life like a lost soul who has nothing to wake up to every single day of their lives. As time progress, one acquires a family and they become their reason for living again. But when the children grow up and leave the person as they age, they result to their previous state. This leads to many of them committing suicide (McCoy, 2008).Guilt also leads to suicide as it tends to overwhelm an individual, painting them as the cause of something, which was not accepted or had devastating impacts. Guilt is a silent issue that many suffer from in their life time; however our ability to cope with it defines the actions we take. Since childhood as one begins to explore and develop, they encounter a lot of new ideas and ways of doing things. But as time goes by, they begin to engage in activities, which unintentionally lead to harm and hurt of another person. Knowledge of this creates guilt and without proper counselling and conflict resolution, it leads to creation and harbouring of guilt. At an elderly age one may see it better to take their lives since the guilt they may have accumulated finally may overwhelm them.Inferiority is a nother factor that leads to an elderly individual committing suicide. It of developed at a young age and from there grows in on the individual throughout their life time. It begins with an individual not being able to perform and develop skills that are demanded by the society. Failure to do so leads them to viewing themselves and feeling inferior to the society. Even though they may be able to learn the skills with time, the notion of them being inferior has already settled in their minds. As they age and become more aware, they start having strong feelings of inferiority towards themselves. They avoid engaging in activities and become very conservative. As they enter into old age they view themselves as weak people who do not deserve to live. As these emotions and feelings run high they see themselves not fit for this world and they commit suicide (Therapy, 2016).Another cause of suicides among the elderly is role confusion. As much as it may sound ridiculous, it is a very grave m atter, which develops during adolescence and stays permanently with the individual. It can also be regarded as lack of identity. During adolescence, the body undergoes changes and one experiences different emotions with regard to themselves. A number of people do not feel comfortable in the body they have transformed to, thus making develop a hate for how they look. Confidence has a big impact on an individual especially when they focus on themselves. As they age they become depressed about their own appearance and physical looks, especially now that their bodies are former shells of their more energetic ones. They slowly start contemplating how to free themselves from their bodies and suicide is what they turn to as a channel to rid themselves from their own physical bondage (McLeod, 2008).From the age of 18 years and above people start socialising with each other as they come into contact with different people through the course of the lifetime. They become more intimate with thei r chosen partners, leading to long term relationships. The story changes for those who are rejected or face seclusion from the public mainly due to their inability to socialise. They isolate themselves and live a lonely life up until their elderly age. This makes them lack the need to continue living thus they commit suicide in order to end their lonely lives.As individuals reach 40 plus years they raise their families as well as h...

Creating Artificial Intelligence And Robots Essay

From plays, to books, and even in movies people have had the imagination and dream to one day have robots existing among the humans. So far people have been living with technology and machines that help with everyday life. The thought of androids or artificial intelligence is always in question of whether or not it’s an ideal choice to make. The idea cannot be backed down since there has been some developments of self-driven cars and there have been androids created such as Erica (Bloomberg, 2016). As the world develops, so does the moral problem to creating artificial intelligence and robots. As to having such intelligent robots, the idea is mostly targeted towards Japan with the idea of going farther than life itself (Bloomberg, 2016). Creating these robots can be pricey for these companies and patents and trademarks for the designs and creations of these robots are important to have. There are some ethical duties within these companies, but not all of them apply to the mora l situation. Although the idea of robots seem to be a fresh idea, it’s relativity an old thought from the past. The idea of robotic creations can date back into Greek mythology (Lafferty, 2010). A sample of such an idea is what the Greek god Hephaestus, the god of fire and forgery, had created. Hephaestus created â€Å"robots out of gold which were ‘his helpers, including a complete set of life-size golden handmaidens who helped around the house’† (Lafferty, 2010, p.2). The actual word â€Å"robot† didn’tShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Development of Artificial Intelligence Essay1066 Words   |  5 Pages Artificial intelligence has come a long way since the first robot. In 1950, Alan Turing of Britain publishes, Computer Machinery and Intelligence. This book was proposed to be the birth of artificial intelligence as we know it. The first robot that presents the usage of artificial intelligence was built in 1969. The purpose of this robot was to try out navigation using basic tools such as cameras and bump sensors (Marshall 371). Since then, we have made a million robots way better than thisRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Is The Most Important And Interesting One?1432 Words   |  6 Pagesupon is Artificial Intelligence. For this essay, the topic of ethics that I chose to write about is the Case Study on Artificial Intelligence; I chose this topic because I felt like it was the most important and interesting one. There are many different views and ideas concerning the subject of Artificial Intelligence and this paper will outline a few of the benefits and drawbacks associated with Artificial Intelligence and whether or not it is moral or ethical. First, what is Artificial IntelligenceRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Is The Most Controversial Field877 Words   |  4 Pagesscientists know about artificial intelligence has increased to levels never reached before. In 1968, the first computer controlled walking machine was created and today, robots are replacing humans in the work industry (History 5). By the year 2029, it is predicted that robots will be able to outsmart their makers (Khomami 1). More knowledge about artificial intelligence is being acquired by scientists. There are several advantages that come with artificial intelligence in robots, but coupled with thatRead MoreHow Close Are We Really Artificial Intelligence?1249 Words   |  5 PagesHow Close Are We Really to Artificial Intelligence? In The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, written by Douglas Adams, a man named Arthur Dent wakes up and finds himself at the beginning of beyond a bad day. When he learns that a friend of his is actually an alien with advanced knowledge of Earth s impending destruction, he is transported off the Earth seconds before it is exploded to make way for a new hyperspace motorway. And as if that s not enough, throw in being wanted by the police, EarthRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Essay656 Words   |  3 PagesArtificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence once something that people thought could only come out of science fiction novels and movies. But today that could all change because of a robot called Cog. Cog is an artificial intelligence that it’s creators have given a body. He is the future of AI and a new beginning for the field. His creator , Rogney Brooks, a professor of electrical engineering and computer science, thought of creating cog, from inspiration from an artificial intelligenceRead MoreTuition Free Online University Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesCompanions in Artificial Intelligence submitted on Saturday, 19 November 2016, 6:37 PMmodified on Monday, 21 November 2016, 6:39 PM Companions in Artificial Intelligence Ruben Damian Corbo University of the People Artificial Intelligence has always been a very interesting subject to me from the time I watched any film from the Terminator series (1984-2015) with the evil A.I. known as Skynet. Not all AI is bad as we know from Steven Spielberg s â€Å"A.I.† (2001) and today Artificial IntelligenceRead MoreArtificial Intelligence, Theory And Development Of Computer Systems Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesArtificial intelligence, theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence, such as speaking, decision-making etc. When most people think of artificial intelligence (Al), they think of the robots from the movie Chappie, or I, Robot. Those are some examples of what AI could lead to but that is not exactly it. The idea of intelligent machines go back to Greek mythology. The origin of AI can be described as philosophers who tried to explainRead MoreEthical Issues Of Artificial Intelligence1066 Words   |  5 Pagesethical problems that come as a byproduct of creating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and why these issues exist. Artificial Intelligence is the ability of a software program to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. Throughout the document I will be attempting to cover what is currently being done to address these issues and what should be done as a solution to completely resolve these issues. Ethical Issue While Artificial Intelligence is a huge technological advancement in ourRead MoreRobots And Expert Systems Of The Future1495 Words   |  6 Pagesour world would be like in the future? Will robots and other artificial intelligence live and work with human beings? If they do live and work with us, would they improve our future, or would they cause problems in our life? Mankind has been known to create many revolutionary technologies, including artificial technologies and robots. Robots have been around since the early 60s, and ever since the inventions of robots, many people have wondered if robots are capable of living with humans. ThroughoutRead MoreArtificial Intelligence In Technology1612 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"The increasing use of artificial intelligence in technology will transform our societies for the worse.† Module: FC-503 Tutor Name: Assessment type: Essay Student Number: T0061516 Word Count: The theme of the 2017 Summer Davos meeting was about the fourth revolution of science and technology and artificial intelligence was undoubtedly one of the main topics discussed by people. From driving interactive voice with nobody to Alphago defeat the invincible chess champion Ke Jie (Gibney

Eugene Sandow s Bodybuilding And The Bodybuilding Industry

Eugene Sandow started bodybuilding in the late nineteenth century. He was known of his time to have a great physique, and it drew many admirers. Known as â€Å"The Father of Bodybuilding†, he began the bodybuilding industry by promoting competitions and selling exercise equipment. Today, the bodybuilding industry is as big as ever as more people are interested in achieving their ideal physique. The image of bodybuilders is still viewed negatively by the public. When people hear of bodybuilding, they most often think of big, steroid abusing â€Å"tools† that are obsessed with gaining muscle. They fail to observe the deeper reasoning behind bodybuilding. Fictional accounts of bodybuilders, endured by writers who did not experience the lifestyle, is a moral transgression. It is a moral transgression to write fictional accounts on bodybuilding because it is a form of art. It is an art in which the artists (bodybuilders) present their physique as the artwork. Bodybuilders s pend hours at the gym to sculpt, and manipulate the size of their musculature by performing strenuous exercises and consistently eating nutritious foods. Bodybuilding shows are not all about muscle, but the overall beauty of the artwork. The World Natural Bodybuilding Federation (WNBF), a well known bodybuilding federation, states, â€Å"Athletes are judged in two rounds: Symmetry encompasses overall balance and conditioning. Muscularity and conditioning judges mass, definition, and proportion†. It is wrong to just thinkShow MoreRelatedDeviance Essay1597 Words   |  7 Pageshealthy lifestyle is exercise. Working out helps control body fat and can prevent certain health conditions and diseases. As people are captivated by the goal of having a healthy and muscular body, this obsession can lead to the deviant behavior of bodybuilding. A deviant behavior is an act that departs from the usual or accepted social standards. Questions that many ask are, â€Å"Why do bodybuilders want to have a body that is so abnormal? As well as, why do they exercise so often?† Bodybuilders workout

Is Global Skepticism Justified Essay - 1625 Words

Is Global Skepticism Justified? Introduction Skepticism is something that we all have to one degree or another. Some of us who carry some Limited (Local) Skepticism might question whether we can really know if the news anchor is giving us correct information or if the five day forecast is really on track this time regarding the rain it is predicting. Others subscribe to the Global Skepticism view; that is, they would argue that we cannot know anything at all, and, therefore, we can’t have knowledge of anything (Feldman 109). As a global skeptic, we would not only challenge the same things that limited skeptics confront, but we would challenge the very essence of our being. If this form of skepticism is valid, we would have to reexamine†¦show more content†¦Could this be convincing enough to lead us to believe that we really could have knowledge of anything at all? Problem Being Solved This paper will address the problem of skepticism. My focus will be exclusively on Global Skepticism as it is more controversial than Local Skepticism. The stance I am seeking to persuade you to take is one regarding the question of whether or not Global Skepticism is justified. In this paper I will discuss and analyze what other philosophers have said about the topic, my argument, how my opponents might object to my arguments, and how I respond to those objections. My hope is the conclusion to my argument will convince you that Global Skepticism is not justified and we can, in fact, come to ‘know’ things about our reality and obtain knowledge. What others have said about the topic I mentioned Rene Descartes earlier in my writing and want to unpack his thinking a little more. In â€Å"Meditation on the First Philosophy,† Descartes starts to question whether he can really tell the difference between being asleep and being awake. He says the following: â€Å"Let us then suppose* that we are dreaming, and that these particular things (that we have our eyes open, are moving our head, stretching out our hands) are not true; and that perhaps we do not even have hands or the rest of a body like what we see. It must nonetheless be admitted that the things we see in sleep are, so to speak, paintedShow MoreRelatedGlobal Epistemological Skepticism Essay1132 Words   |  5 Pages Epistemological skepticism is the idea that individuals lack knowledge or justification for a specific group of propositions (Barnett, 2014). Skepticism with respect to all propositions is known as global skepticism, and it reveals that knowledge is nonexistent (2014). The regress problem is a difficulty in epistemology, where an idea has to be justified, because the justification itself has to have further reasoning (2014). The infinite regress argument concludes that individuals lack justificationRead MoreCondi Reflection954 Words   |  4 Pagesbeginning, I saw potential. In their unrest, I saw dreaming, dreams of being more than they were. I laid out my vision for them. There were grumbles, skepticism, and negativity. They did not see my vision: they were unconvinced. I did not push hard, but I got involved in their work and began pressing their limits. I was able to use Global Diversity. My team came from different upbringings, but I looked for their diverse similarities and found ways to bring them together leveraging my backgroundRead MoreThe Skeptic Theory of Morality in International Relations Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesinterest of the state. During that I will give a brief explanation of Skepticism as a theory of morality in international relations. Following that I will explore ethics in the Morality of States and Cosmopolitan schools of thought in comparison to Skepticism. Skepticism: Skepticism, often known as realism, is one of the oldest perspectives to observe ethics in international relations. The basic premise of international skepticism is that states are selfish actors and when necessary, a state shouldRead MoreOn Epistemology and Skepticism Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pagesproposition. As Gettier established the Justified True Belief as a conceptual formula for knowledge, certainty can be understood with the proper perspective and background. The certainty principle explains that knowledge requires evidence to be â€Å"sufficient† to rule out the possibility of error. This means that what we determine to be acknowledged as â€Å"knowledge† must present justification in order to be accepted believed as knowledge. This is important because Skepticism doubts the validation of knowledgeRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Cogito Ergo Sum : I Think Therefore, I Am1613 Words   |  7 PagesDescartes’ paradigm-shifting assertion that the foun dational belief and the only purely true instance of knowledge we possess is that we are a thinking thing and our mind’s ability to think is true. This is the quintessential belief of Cartesian skepticism, or whether we can know anything with certainty, and is achieved through a perspective of understanding external world knowledge rooted in doubting wholeheartedly what our senses say is true. Renà © Descartes’ Discourse on Method and Meditations onRead MoreJan Narveson s Moral Matters1618 Words   |  7 Pagesbook is his view of global poverty. Narveson extends foundationalist, anarcho-capitalist approach to this issue; arguing that while charity is morally virtuous, there is no moral obligation on the part of the global rich or developed nation to alleviate the global poor from their precarious position. He also argues that by continuing free trade, enough economic growth will occur to relieve the global poor regardless. *This essay will elaborate on Narveson s pos ition on global povery and criticizeRead MoreDescartes s Meditations On First Philosophy Essay2099 Words   |  9 Pagesknowledge, Descartes then states that the logical next step would be to doubt every single thing that we believe, as without certainty, nothing can constitute knowledge. Certainty plays a pivotal and yet simple role in Descartes argument for global skepticism, yet its role is one that evolves throughout his meditations. Descartes starts off saying that only one thing is truly certain - the fact that nothing is certain – and from there goes on to explore what we can and cannot be certain of. DescartesRead MoreUnderstanding The World Through The Study Of Knowledge1862 Words   |  8 Pagesis given by the hypothetico-deductive method; regarded as the â€Å"true† scientific research method. (Gibson, 1987, 63) Quine examines naturalized epistemology as a progressive approach to the traditional matter of interest. The issue of traditional skepticism becomes apparent within the context of a particular way of forming ideas pertaining to the human condition. It is a by-product of a foundationalist, infallible notion of knowledge passed-on by the Greeks. When we relinquish that notion, we are alteringRead MoreWhat Makes A Leader?1482 Words   |  6 Pagesthe IT assets of the organization, as well as create policy, process, and procedure to support ongoing process improvement. The project, which is implementing industry best practices of IT Asset Management, has come with adversity and skepticism. The skepticism has been challenging and has caused many of the ownership power struggle battles along with a petition to continue with the current mode of operation. Nonetheless, the ultimate challenge is undertaking the company’s operation managers’Read MoreThe Cloning Should Not Be Banned By The Human Body886 Words   |  4 Pagescomplex health issues. Since the cloning of Dolly, Farms now clone animals as a method for increased food production. These cloned animals who suffer horrible health issues are the meat and food we purchase at grocery stores. This article encourages the global public to take a stand and refuse to buy cloned animal products in order to improve the welfare of all animals. Also, another fact that is not often proclaimed, is that pet owners will clone their pets after the pet dies. This helps families cope

Descriptive Essay On Fear - 1809 Words

An unpleasant emotion or feeling caused by the belief that someone or something is dangerous, likely to cause pain, or a threat : Fear. Fear is a strong word, it can mean a variety of things and lead to a variety of things depending on who you are. My fear caused me to shake and tremble as if the world was coming to an end. It makes me feel safe around no one. I look back on my life and ask myself, was it all worth it for this? It makes me shrink and fall the size of of a humming bird. My stomach starts to feel like it never has before. My head is spinning in circles and my hands are trembling to the point where I think they might fall off. Fear, my fear was heights and I was terrified of them. Of course, I hadn t always been afraid†¦show more content†¦I started getting into other fun things to do that didn t involve going high up and it worked life was still good without being high up. And I knew was going to be okay because it not like I had to go anywhere high up, but that where I was wrong†¦ The summer of 2016 was the year my parents wanted to do a family trip somewhere and I was so excited because today was the day they were gonna tell us where we were going. I was hoping somewhere warm like the beach or some sporting event like a Cavs game or something of that relation. My parents voice then interrupted my thoughts and I heard the words Cedar Point and I thought my heart stopped. For those of you who don t know Cedar Point is one of the biggest roller coaster parks in the world or an other words for someone who is afraid of heights Cedar Point equals death. When parents told me my heart skipped a beat, at first I didn t say anything and my parents were confused I guess they expected me to be excited. But the thing was I never really told my parents about this new recent fear I had because I knew that if I did I they would for sure make fun of me. So I tried to play it off and act like I was a little excited. After explaining the details of the trip to me and my sisters , my parents told me I could bring a few friends so I guess that made the trip a little bit better. So I called up some of my friends and they said they would be ready to go the nextShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay About Fear824 Words   |  4 Pagesthat fills a body at this time, arise because of fear. No one can’t help to calm those until the results of those sensations are known. So, can fear come from good things? When I was younger, I was never afraid of anything. I would climb trees and jump out of them with no fear. I climbed a two-story house and then climbed down, from the roof of the garage, and then back up to my bedroom. I would jump out of the windows on this house also. I had no fear that I could get hurt. I would swing as high asRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Fear1511 Words   |  7 PagesI have this fear. It causes my legs to shake. I break out in a cold sweat. I start jabbering to anyone who is nearby. As thoughts of certain death run through my mind, the world appears a precious, treasured place. I imagine my own funeral, then shrink back at the implications of where my thoughts are taking me. My stomach feels strange. My palms are clammy. I am terrified of heights. Of course, it’s not really a fear of being in a high place. Rather, it is the view of a long way to fall, of rocksRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Fear1653 Words   |  7 PagesFear consumes me every moment of every day and with everything I do in my life. I am scared of failing, speaking, socializing, cooking, swimming, riding a bike, driving, death, and being alone. My mom says I have an active imagination but everyone else seems to think that I have a mental problem. This year is my last year of high school and then I am on my own in a big, bad world full of terrible things. Something inside of me takes over. I’ve been to many psychiatric doctors but they do absolutelyRead MoreNarrative Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesThe Narrative Essay *What is a Narrative Essay? †¢ Narrative writing tells a story. In essays, the narrative writing could also be considered reflection or an exploration of the authors values told as a story. The author may remember his or her past, or a memorable person or event from that past, or even observe the present. †¢ The author may write about: -An experience or event from his or her past. -A recent or ongoing experience or event. Read MoreSummary Of Once More To The Lake840 Words   |  4 PagesIn his essay â€Å"Once More to the Lake,† author E.B. White reflects on experiences he has had throughout his life at a family vacation spot. Although he writes the essay as an adult, he focuses on many childhood experiences with his father at the lake, comparing them to experiences he is having at same lake with his son. White begins by recalling his first time at the lake. He examines the similarities and differences between the two generations of lake experiences through rhetorical techniques inRead MoreRhinoceros Beetle788 Words   |  4 PagesWeek 2 Essay One Charles. Oryema Question: Worlds within texts often prompt us to question the worlds outside texts. Write an essay in response to this statement with reference to at least one short story you have studied. â€Å"Rhinoceros Beetle† by Susan Hawthorne is a story about a boy’s childhood obsession which becomes a reality when he grows into a man. The story presents ideas and assumptions which viewers can relate toRead MoreThe Task Of Composing A Descriptive Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesRecently, my Composition I teacher assigned the class the task of composing a descriptive essay. This led me to the question, â€Å"what is a descriptive essay?† What topic could I possible write about for three whole pages? What have I done, seen, or experience that could fill these three long pages? My life thus far has been quite sheltered, so this has created quite the dilemma for me. Being that I am supposed to be descriptive, I feel the need to describe the stress that this has created for me. My physicalRead MoreTragedy : A Great Topic1061 Words   |  5 Pagesfor as in bodies, thus in souls, we find what wants in blood and spirit, swelled with wind: Pride, where Wit fails, st eps in to our defence, and fills up all the mighty Void of sense.† (Page 702 Lines 1-10). This is a quote from Alexander Pope’s An Essay on Criticism. Alexander Pope wrote poetry. His favorite topic was informative. In this poem the first fourteen lines are about pride, stanza two is about the lack of learning. He also talks about wit, judging a book by the cover, how hard it is toRead MoreTension in Chapter 6 of to Kill a Mockingbird734 Words   |  3 PagesMockingbird’, Harper Lee cleverly uses a variety of literary techniques and devices to create tension prior to the shooting. This essay discusses the language devices used and its effectiveness on the reader of the text. The techniques that Harper Lee predominately used in chapter six include short sentences and also dramatic and effective words. The author was also very descriptive whilst describing the setting, which is essential in building tension. Harper Lee was also telling the reader what the charact erRead MoreThe Invasion, By James S. Hirsch1347 Words   |  6 Pages The explosion of racial violence that engulfed Tulsa, Oklahoma is arguably one of the worst cases in U.S. history. This essay will focus on the violence, economic destruction, social humiliation, and racial discrimination in Tulsa’s black community using the in-text essay, â€Å"The Invasion†, by James S. Hirsch. This history consists of the police actions to elevate the violence, and how white leaders attempted to maintain the status quo in Tulsa. Racial inequality during this period of time was immense

Drugs and Homeostasis Free Essays

1. ) Clinical Depression – is the most frequently encountered mental illness. Clinical depression is now considered a physical condition in which there is a fault in the brain chemistry. We will write a custom essay sample on Drugs and Homeostasis or any similar topic only for you Order Now It may afflict up to 5% or more of the population. Symptoms of depression include a distinct change in mood accompanied with an extreme feeling of hopelessness. Other symptoms include: loss of appetite; weight loss; headaches; sleeplessness; loss of energy; and tiredness. Symptoms of anxiety are also quite common. Suicide is common in about 15% of depressed patients. Bipolar Disorder – is also known as manic depression. It affects about 5 in 1000 people. It is characterized by severe mood swings ranging from mania to depression, with normal periods in between. During a manic phase, the individual may think that they are invincible, behave recklessly or believe in delusions such as ones of fame. During the depressive phase, the individual loses interest in their usual activities, may sleep excessively or suffer from insomnia. They may also be at risk of suicide during the depressive stage. Schizophrenia – includes disturbance of thought patterns, disturbance of affective reactions and autism or withdrawal. Secondary symptoms include hallucinations, delusions and paranoia. These symptoms all represent a loss of contact with reality. 2. ) Alcohol – is probably the most commonly abused drug in society. Of all abused drugs, it is presently the only one considered legal upon reaching of age. It has been a large part of our culture for many years and is often associated with social functions and celebrations. However, alcohol use definitely has its dark side. It is known to alter personalities and cause people to behave in manner outside their normal personalities. A night of abusing alcohol can lead embarrassment and regret once the effects have worn off. Poor judgment while drinking alcohol can lead to making deadly decisions such as drunk driving. Also, people have abused alcohol to the extent they vomit in their sleep and choke to death. Marijuana – is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) works by binding to CB1 receptors found on presynaptic membranes in the brain. These receptors function in blunting pain. THC also causes the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine which elevates mood and controls muscle movements. It has the ability of enabling the user to block out pain, frustration or confusion. In high concentrations can cause hallucinations, anxiety, depression, and psychotic symptoms. Smoking marijuana can cause lung cancer, sinusitis, and bronchitis. It increases the level of carbon monoxide in the blood which, in turn, reduces the amount of oxygen reaching the heart. Long term use can result in: impaired speech; memory loss; difficulty in understanding complex ideas; insomnia; impaired visual perception; and infertility. Cocaine – Cocaine is derived from the plant Erthoxylon coca and can be inhaled, smoked or injected. It results in a feeling of euphoria followed by depression. Cocaine acts by first stimulating the release of norepinephrine and dopamine and in higher doses the release of serotonin. Cocaine then interferes with the re-uptake of these neurotransmitters and these neurotransmitters build up in the synapse. Prolonged use will cause the body to produce less dopamine and the user will need more cocaine. Side effects include mental impairment, convulsions, hallucinations, stroke, heart attack and death. Heroin – is a highly addictive derivative of morphine. It is normally injected but can also be snorted or smoked. It operates by binding to ophioid receptors in the brain in which natural chemical endorphins are involved in the relief of pain. Prolonged use can cause less endorphin production. Side effects include: depressed respiration; impaired coordination; and decreased tolerance to pain; long term effects can include: collapsed veins; infections of heart valves and liver disease. Death can result from overdose. Rohypnol – is a drug associated with rave parties and comes from the benzodiazepine family. It is considered to be the â€Å"date rape† drug and has become famous for its use in committing sexual assault. It is often given to an unsuspecting victim by dissolving it in beverage while they are unaware. It is similar to Valium TM but has ten times its strength. In combination with alcohol, it can be deadly. Rohypnol is highly addictive and has severe withdrawal symptoms. Its use can cause deep sedation, respiratory distress, blackouts for up 24 hours, and amnesia. Ecstasy – is known as Methylene Dioxy Meth Amphetamine (MDMA) and has street names such as X, Rolls, E, Adam, Beans and Buddies. The initial use of ecstasy results in: increased heart rate; increased blood pressure; dilation of pupils and bronchi; brain stimulation; increased motor activity; tightening of jaw muscles; grinding of jaws; overheating; sweating; heat stroke; and dehydration. The long-term use of ecstasy can result in irreparable brain damage. 3. ) Higher doses of designer drugs can result in paranoia, depression and violent irrational behaviour. In general, designer drugs can create a wide range of physical problems such as: hypertension; uncontrolled tremors; total paralysis; seizures; permanent drain damage; and death. . ) Opioids – are typically used to treat pain. They can produce a feeling of euphoria by affecting regions of the brain that enable us to perceive pleasure. However, they can result in physical dependence and addiction. Tolerance of opioids can result in the need to take higher doses to achieve the same effect. Withdrawal will cause: restlessness; muscle and bone pain; ins omnia; diarrhea; vomiting; cold flashes; goose bumps; and involuntary leg movements. A large dose can lead to respiratory depression resulting in death. CNS Depressants – often used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders by slowing normal brain function. Common CNS depressants include barbiturates and Valium TM. Most CNS depressants act on the brain by affecting the neurotransmitter gammaaminobutryic acid (GABA). The function of GABA in the human body is to decrease brain activity. Therefore, increased doses will create the drowsy effect required to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. Individuals can build a tolerance to CNS depressants over time and require larger doses. Withdrawals can cause the opposite effects of the drug. The mind can race out of control, possibly resulting in seizures and other problems. Stimulants – used to treat narcolepsy, obesity, depression, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These drugs enhance brain activity and result in increased alertness, energy, elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate and respiration. Examples of stimulants include Ritalin TM and Dexandrine TM. The chemical structure of stimulants is similar to the chemical structure of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine. Stimulants work by increasing the amount of these neurotransmitters to the brain. An increase in dopamine results in an increase in blood pressure, increase in heart rate, constriction of blood vessels, increase in blood glucose and it opens the pathways of the respiratory system. Stimulants do not result in physical dependence or withdrawal. However, they can be used compulsively and high doses repeatedly can lead to feelings of hostility and paranoia. High doses can cause body temperatures to rise to a dangerously high level. They can also create an irregular heartbeat leading to the risk of cardiovascular failure. There is also the potential of lethal seizures. Extensions: 1. ) The pros of marijuana are that they are less harmful to use then alcohol, It also reliefs us from pain and reduces spasticity due to multiple sclerosis. It has been shown to help sufferers of severe arthritis. It can be used as an anti – epileptic and anti – depressant. It is also believed to be less addictive then many prescribed painkillers. The cons of marijuana in the treatment of chronic pain are that It increases the level of carbon monoxide in the blood which, in turn, reduces the amount of oxygen reaching the heart. Repeated use tends to lead to the inability to deal with everyday challenges. Long term use can result in: impaired speech; memory loss; difficulty in understanding complex ideas; insomnia; impaired visual perception; and infertility. Marijuana use has also been linked to reducing immunity towards disease. 2. ) The cause of manic depression is still uncertain. There appears to be a genetic link and episodes can also be triggered by stress. Chemical changes are also being studied. Manic behaviour is believed due to a high level of noradrenergic activity. This activity continues until the neurotransmitters system is depleted. It is believed that lithium may prevent mania by preventing noradrenalin depletion. 3. ) Marijuana should be legalized. For one, it is less harmful than alcohol. If they legalized it, it would allow for better regulation and taxation of the drug. It would also save money in law enforcement. Many grave that prohibition of the drugs like marijuana supports organized crime, others raise concerns about addictions and health problems. There are also concerns that it may be the â€Å"gateway† to the abuse of more dangerous drugs. How to cite Drugs and Homeostasis, Papers

With Malice toward None the Legacy of Reconstruction free essay sample

Starting with the Radical Reconstruction, the South was attacked by laws that were intended to make them become states free of black oppression. Radical Republicans wrote the Civil War amendments that made every man free and equal, made them citizens and gave blacks the right to vote. The father of Reconstruction, the first men to have a plan to reconstruct our nation was President Lincoln. He believed in forgiveness and reunification; he wanted the U. S. To heal quickly to better the prosperity of the country. His Ten-Percent Plan reflected his opinion on reunifying the action.This plan required of a Southern state to swear oath the union to gain the status as state and be accept back in the U. S. The only people that were not given amnesty were the Confederate Generals. After President Lincoln assassination, his Vice-President took over and kept a very similar plan for reconstruction. President Johnson was a democrat that was not liked by congress because of his inability to make important decision on laws and amendments. We will write a custom essay sample on With Malice toward None: the Legacy of Reconstruction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He believed states right and thought it was the white men of the Souths job to reestablish government. Congress had to overwrite veto after veto that Johnnys weak policies did not accept. His refusal to punish the South and force them to enter blacks in their societies brought the congress to an attempt of impeach meet that failed. In the Legislative branch, the Reconstruction started with battles with President Johnson. The Radical Republican Congress stressed the fact that the faster unity is made, the better it will be for the prosperity of our nation. They pushed the enforcement of civil right and wanted to end black oppression.What did the South think of all this pressure from the North for black suffrage? We need to remember that the Civil War was a war for unity that destroyed the souths economy that was based on agriculture. The souths economy was also based on slavery, which was needed for labor on the field. Many plantation owners lacked Of manpower and their goal was to overcome legislature that was passed to free blacks and make them equal. Measures taken by Congress to limit the South were replied with ruling from the Southern Democrats.The laws kept limiting the blacks lives to a point were they were under some new kind of slavery. The first legislation piece restricting the South was 13th Amendment. It officially abolished slavery, but did not prevent Southern states from placing major restrictions on blacks such as black codes. The Black Codes required black to have jobs and when they did not have job, it forced them into sharecropping, which is using a plantation owners land to grow crops part of which would be used to pay rent for the land.Usually blacks would still be in debt after a year of working for the white landowner and have to work for another year. Then, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866. This act stated: all persons born in the united States were now citizens, without regard to race, lour, or previous condition. As citizens they could make and enforce contracts, sue and be sued, give evidence in court, and inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and personal property. iii When the Congress was worried that the South would amend the Civil Rights Act, they created the 14th amendment to add on to the act.It officially defined requirements for citizenship and said that no state had the right to interfere with any citizens basic civil rights. Iv The only problem with this amendment was that it did not require states to accept black suffrage. The 1 5th Amendment was passed in 1870 and was considered the final step of the Radical Reconstruction. It did not allow governments to restrict voting right because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. v This is the point where Radical Republicans finally achieved their goal of black suffrage.Unfortunately their success did not stay around for long. Radical Republican had a lot of issues with their Civil War Amendments. They had to create too many pieces of legislature to reach to goal. Think the content Of the amendment could have been a lot more concise and precise; imitating predictable issues and legislature that couldve been created by the South. However, the timing was good, they had to make a piece of legislature to regulate the south from becoming what they were before the Civil War. If they would of taken more time to think their amendments through to make a good one that covered all aspects, the South wouldnt of had so much time to created overwriting pieces of legislature that kept black oppression for too long. Reconstruction was supposed to bring unity and equality and only one of these goals have had been reached when it ended. The Reconstruction Era as more of trial and error period where the North afflicted many pieces of legislation that were overwritten by the South. Its legacy was very negative and led to many debates and revolt for black rights.Many examples can prove its failure. The positive point is that finally after a decade Of hard work, the South and North could be called the united States again. When the North redrew its army in the south, it gave place to former Confederates and Slave owners to regain power and this meant the return to the old South policy. They allowed sharecropping and passed black codes. As result, Northerners were tired of dealing with the South. They saw their work for black equality as meaningless and they stopped to worry about black civil rights.The South and the North came to a conclusion where they would set aside race inequalities to unify the union. This lead to a new feeling in the CA. S. : before the Civil War, they were a country, but after they became a nation. For the racial discrimination, sharecroppers, white supremacist groups, it was only in the 1 asss that blacks regained support of the Federal Government. During this period of time, many protestors tried to spread equality and respect for black. A very well known man called Martin Luther King Jar. As one of the most important lobbers for black rights. He was admired for his courage to speak up under oppression and his dream of a world without racial discrimination. His most famous speech was l have a Dream where he describes his dream of a nation where every race was equal, a world where there was not the feeling of being looked upon by others. A white person who believed he did not have to right to speak up assassinated him. This is a good example of the mood during those years. The Ignited States had a problem that Reconstruction lacked to solve.The Civil Rights movement of the second half of the sass Was a worldwide political movement for equality before the Allah. I. It had a great influence on the United States and in 1 965 there was the Voting Right Act that finally recognized blacks as citizens. It was a great step for humanity. Finally, the goals of reconstruction for reunifying the country and spread equality. The Radical Republicans took a long time and passed a lot of pieces of legislature to give blacks to right to vote. This Reconstruction brought unity in the United States that could then be called a nation.

Marketing graduate career trends

Introduction Employability refers to the collection of personal attributes that one possesses making him/her valuable at the workplace, and in the global economy (CBI/NUS 2011). A marketing graduate must have work experience to be employed by either middle-sized companies or big companies. Employers assess knowledge, skills, and experience (Hall, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing graduate career trends specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to CBI/NUS report (2011), knowledge refers to analytical skills. Various selection tools, and procedures are used to assess the various competencies that an individual possesses. Assessment centers are recognized for their accuracy in selecting the right candidates. Some companies may use an additional selection process known as the graduate schemes. A marketer in a big company may specialize in one line of operation such as account specialist. In a small-s ized business, the various duties of marketing are carried out by a single individual. Employers around the world consider perfect academic grades may not be reflected in the actual performance. However, graduates with good grades may be considered as having a successful past which may be repeated at work. Most employers find business and customer awareness as a rare attribute among recruits (CBI/NUS 2011). Analysis Employability in marketing Employability is a term used to describe personal qualities that augment the technical skills making an employee more productive. According to CBI/NUS report (2011), employability is â€Å"the set of attributes, skills and knowledge that all labor market participants should possess† (p. 12). This indicates that the attributes are shared across different sectors. The main attribute is positive thinking. Other attributes include communication skills, business and customer awareness, team-working, and self-management among other skills. The se skills make it easier for a marketing graduate to fit in the workplace easily. One is able to shift easily from sector to sector according to career preference. CBI/NUS (2011) discusses that employability is â€Å"always in demand and is never outdated† (p. 11). However, technical skills such as marketing need to be reviewed or else they become outdated.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Maintaining employability requires marketing graduates to â€Å"constantly update their skills so that they are desirable to potential employers all the time and at any time† (Ridderstrale Nordstom as cited by Francis 2012). Employers believe that the qualities of an individual are portrayed in the brand image. Heffernan et al. (2010) discuss that â€Å"communication, both written and oral, are to be the most important attribute for a marketing graduate† (p. 4). An em ployable marketer that wants to work with leading companies and middle-sized companies must demonstrate good communication skills during competency tests. Information transfer, networking skills, and ability to engage foreign languages were considered first in communication attributes (Heffernan et al. 2010). A marketing graduate enhances employability through â€Å"role plays, real life consultancy projects, guest lectures from respected practitioners, employer ‘question time’, and international ‘buddying-up’ systems† (Heffernan et al. 2010, p. 4). These among other techniques are also identified by Hall (2012, slides 20-23) as the practices that help a marketer build specific skills to be used for self-marketing. Employability trends are changing according to High Flyers Research (2012). Employers are more likely to hire those graduates who have experience with them. The research illustrates that 36% of vacancies in UK’s leading employers wi ll hire graduates who had internships with the particular employers. According to High Flyers Research (2012), â€Å"6,200 positions from this year’s entry-level vacancies will not be available to the other finalists from the Class of 2012† (p. 12). As a marketing graduate, it is necessary to seek internships with your target employer. This increases your suitability as a candidate to fill a position in the company. It also exposes you to the operations of the company, and the industry. This is an advantage during assessment.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing graduate career trends specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Work attachments are beneficial to students by the fact that most companies are offering paid work placement. The number of â€Å"paid work experience for 2012 is 11,000† in all sectors of the economy in the UK (High Flyers 2012, p. 32). Investment banks are the leading pr oviders of internships with 2,700. As a marketing student, the fact that employers are offering paid work placements makes it easier to manage a personal budget while working for experience. Employment opportunities of graduates vary according to the economic environment. It is noted that during the global recession, only the public sector in the UK increased employment opportunities. All other sectors reduced recruitment (High Flyer Research 2012). In the period 2007-2009, public employment sector increased by 44.9% while the â€Å"The Times Top 100 Graduate employers’ recruitment declined by 23.3%† (p. 16). A marketing graduate should recognize the role played by the public sector in absorbing graduates during times of recession. However, the public sector, and the retail sector are among the lowest in remuneration in the UK. On an average, investment banks offer the highest paid employment opportunities. Marketing may be similar to IT in that a graduate is employabl e in various sectors. The High Flyer research (2012) notes that â€Å"IT companies are few and yet the volume of graduates needed to work in IT functions in a wide range of employers in other industries is considerable† (p. 15). This makes IT to hire more graduates at 57% compared with marketing at 38% (see appendix 1). Marketing applies to many industries such as pharmaceuticals, PR, entertainment, banking, and many more. A marketing graduate should have expectations of venturing into other fields apart from marketing media, and consumer goods. Employers’ expectation The traditional expectation of employers is that all graduates are supposed to have an â€Å"open mind, transferable skills, cultural awareness, and readiness to work† (Andreanoff 2012). Heffernan et al. (2010) note that employers constantly meet graduates who do not have the qualifications they are looking for.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This creates the need for additional procedures to test the specific attributes they seek. Carson et al. (2001) discuss that the â€Å"dissatisfaction among CEOs with the performance of marketing managers has caused the number of jobs for marketing graduates to decline† (p. 225). The High Flyer Research (2012) discusses about a change in employers attitude towards graduates. Many leading employers in the UK are increasing their annual intake of graduates. Employers have a slight preference towards some universities and colleges. According to High Flyer Research (2012), the five most targeted universities are Manchester, London, Cambridge, Nottingham, and Oxford (see appendix 2). This indicates that a marketing graduate may have an additional value by studying in the most targeted universities. However, other qualities such as work experience with the employer could make them overlook the university from which one has studied. CBI/NUS report (2011) discusses the need for colle ge students selecting universities that are â€Å"right for them and their areas of interest† (p. 16). Courses as well as universities have their own distinct approach. However, all of the learning institutions are expected to develop students’ â€Å"powers of thinking and analysis† (CBI/NUS 2011, p. 16). What employers consider as knowledge according to the CBI/NUS report (2011) is the ability to use numerical skills, and literacy. The report discusses that graduates must demonstrate â€Å"ability to analyze facts for example sift evidence, develop ideas† ( p. 10). Ability to reason, and present your thoughts in a convincing manner is necessary. Many universities are developing career based programs to create awareness of needed working skills. They are assisting students to get work placements. The marketing workplace is constantly changing to successful trends in the world. The factors that marketers should update themselves about include â€Å"global ization, technology, economic/political factors, organizations, how people are employed† (Andreanoff 2012). A marketing graduate should study the emerging trends in these factors. Some of these factors are intertwined. For example, good communication skills require a marketer be able to use social networks as a marketing tool. This falls under information technology, art and design. Emerging trends include receiving feedback from customers from social networks such as Facebook, and Twitter. Uploading files on ‘YouTube’ can also be used for marketing. Heffernan et al. note that â€Å"customer orientation must be high for potential employability† (2010, p. 5). Employers want graduates with a global experience. Marketing graduates are expected to involve themselves with extra-curriculum activities. Hall (2012) describes volunteering as a win-win situation for getting an experience that employers seek. Ciletti (2011, p. 42) describes a good business entity as o ne that â€Å"pays taxes and contributes to causes that are important to the community.† By being good citizens, businesses are expected to engage in charitable deeds. Employers expect marketing graduates to display a high level of knowledge, skills, and experience. Hall (2012, slide 4 quotes Birchall) explains that graduates without experience â€Å"have little or no chance of landing a well-paid job with a leading employer, irrespective of the university they attended.† This emphasizes the need to engage oneself with part-time job, or attachment while studying in college. Experience creates the marketer’s ability to solve problems, communicate, and understand customer preferences among other abilities. Employers lay a strong emphasis on commercial awareness, and numerical skills (Hall 2012). Numerical skills mean the ability to analyze data quantitatively. Qualitative data may be assigned weights so that it is analyzed empirically. Stanley (2003) discusses tha t graduates need to demonstrate â€Å"an ability with figures† (p. 70). As a marketer, it is necessary to interpret statistical outcomes such share prices, market share of a firm, impact of promotions among others. A marketing graduate seeking specific skills to develop as a brand should consider customer awareness. CBI/NUS report (2011) indicates that most employers do not find recruits that are aware of their have knowledge of the business or customer awareness (see appendix 3). As a marketing graduate, one should take time and study reports about consumer preferences and industry/market surveys. Being aware of business and customer needs will give a marketer an advantage. Hall (2012) discusses that the past success of a graduate is promising enough to recommend one for a job. When such a graduate does not have the immediate skills to handle a particular job position perfectly, employers may consider training the graduate to fit the position perfectly. Hall (2012) explains that graduates must show ability to â€Å"do the job now or be trained to do the job.† When they consider training, past competencies are relevant for consideration. Hall (2012) discusses that â€Å"employers want evidence of success†. Research and Education Association (1997) discuss that marketing graduates need to pursue related courses such as statistics, and organizational behavior for them to be market research analysts. The first impression of an interview matters a lot. A wide knowledge about an organization is advantageous. Hall (2012) elaborates the importance of highlighting key areas in a curriculum vitae. This includes highlighting relevant work experience. Preparing a cover letter telling what one will be offering the company in exchange for the job. Trends in employment selection methods Employers are seeking a distinct brand personality. Stanley (2003) points out that employers are â€Å"looking for your personality rather than your degree area† (p. 70). The process starts by selection of â€Å"a sufficient number of suitably qualified candidates from which an organization chooses† (Francis 2012). The selection may occur in several stages. A few graduates may be eliminated at each stage. The final stage takes a few candidates to fill the needed positions. The personality brand is gaining appreciation in vacancy consideration. Francis (2012) discusses that your personal brand â€Å"differentiates your unique promise of value and resonates with the target audience.† Francis (2012) elaborates the accuracy of various selection tools. The top three selection tools are assessment centers (68% accuracy), structured interviews (63%), and aptitude test (54%). Employers are shifting their selection methods to tools that are considered more accurate. Interviews, with 15% accuracy, may be a less determining process in selection. Hall (2012) lists the selection trends that are put into use before the face-to-face interacti on. First, a company’s recruitment exercise does not have a period such that it happens all-year round. Interactive media are used in the initial stages of selection such as on-line tests, and telephone screening. Employers emphasize the use of assessment centers for their accuracy. Assessment centers test a number of capabilities since they apply job simulation exercises (see appendix 4). It is an integration of several activities such as reasoning test (testing problem-solving), and group presentation (testing leadership skills). Assessment centers use social events to test social behavior (Edenborough, 2005). Information sessions test what a graduate knows about the organization or industry. Other exercises test an applicant’s abilities such as numerical competency. Performance in assessment centers rely on what you think rather than what you know (Prospects 2012). Marketing graduates must demonstrate knowledge about the organization, and skills on the job they want to be recruited. Competency questions are used for on-line selection. There are ability tests for problem solving capabilities, client care and teamwork capabilities (Hall 2012). Snowdon (2010, diagram) discuss the various paths taken by marketing graduates in 2008. It is noted that 30.6% were recruited in marketing, sales, and advertising, 17.9% entered the commercial /industrial/public sector management. Those who were employed in clerical and secretarial services account for 13.5%. Retailing and catering accounted for 12.6%. From those who were employed in marketing, sales, and advertising, 59% were marketing/advertising executives. Public relations officers were 8.2%, 7.5% sales representatives, and others 14.8% (see appendix 5). Snowdon (2010) describes that graduates in marketing can be employed in â€Å"retail, fashion, manufacturing, financial and public services, leisure and tourism, consumer goods, music, electronics and so on† (para. 6). Their responsibilities may fall under market research, recruitment (Victoria University 2011), â€Å"public relations, sales, brand management, advertising, and general management† (para. 7). A community relations manager may be involved with managing activities for a community’s well-being (Steinberg 2006). Marketing research involves finding out the causal agent of an outcome in marketing. A project manager is involved with implementation of research projects. Account representative â€Å"interprets client needs and represents clients to project manager† (Steinberg 2006, p. 11). Research specialist designs research, analyses statistical data, and mathematical modeling. In advertising, a media buyer/coordinator manages â€Å"the purchase and control of large blocks of media time/space† (Steinberg 2006, p. 13). Media analyst maximizes effectiveness of advertising by studying trends in audience preference, and circulation while reducing advertising costs. Art directors â€Å"work on the visual side of advertising as part of a creative team† (Steinberg 2006, p. 13). These indicate that there are numerous roles to play in the marketing field (see appendix 6). Specialty is needed in some of the marketing careers such as market research analyst, and advertising art directors. A marketing manager in a small-sized company may be required to carry out all the responsibilities that need specialization in a large company. A marketing graduate stands out in the crowd because of his/her consciousness of the immediate surrounding. A marketer using the social media, has â€Å"a sense of the rules and customs, and of who the influential people are† (Zarella 2010, p. 185). The dressing choice may match emerging fashion trends. The clothes that a marketer chooses to wear should partly portray his/her personality brand. A marketer is an enthusiast of products. The social behavior is inviting to those who are around, and is almost influential. A marketer has an u nderstanding of human perception, and behavior. He/she understands the market mix of characters. A marketer sells his/her brand personality, the company, and its products. The selection process in BAT Eastern Europe starts with the filling-in of application forms, and attaching a CV. The two are reviewed, and promising candidates are invited to a psychometric test. Psychometric tests assesses reasoning and numerical abilities. The test may be done on-line in various languages. Telephone assessment is the next stage. This assesses leadership and functional competencies. The next step is the face-to-face interview with a member of the recruitment team. This opens an opportunity for the candidate to ask questions related to the organization. The assessment comes just before the final stage which is an interview with your head of function (BAT Graduate Careers Eastern Europe 2009). The Univar company graduate scheme takes two years. There are four placements where each takes six months to complete. Graduates can choose between two core streams, commercial or operations. One is assigned a manager in the business who acts like a mentor for the period. Graduates are expected to travel across the UK to â€Å"experience the Univar network† (Univar Graduate Scheme 2012, p. 3). Training is provided on â€Å"time management and interpersonal effectiveness, understanding leadership, presentation skills, giving feedback, and performance management† (p. 5). The graduates’ assessment outcome is disclosed at the end of the period. Successful candidates are placed in target position within the organization (Univar Graduate Scheme 2012). Conclusion A marketing graduate must have work experience before he/she can be hired by well-known companies. The brand personality is considered to portray what the graduate stands for. Assessment centers are considered to be more accurate than other selection tools because they test a multiple of skills in a single event. Recruitment and selection happens in several stages. From application, telephone-screening, face-to-face interview, to assessment centers and graduate schemes. Companies are eager to know what value a marketing graduate will add by joining them. A marketing graduate seeking employment must know the organization, and assess what areas need value addition. One must be prepared for competency tests. The performance of a candidate relies on reasoning capabilities. Graduate schemes are more accurate than assessment centers because they offer same exposure for candidates to access information about an organization’s operations. There is a need to study related fields of interest to have an advantage of being selected. Marketing responsibilities â€Å"vary among organizations and industries† (Mansfield 2011, para. 1). Reflection I chose marketing because of the freedom it gives when it comes to presentations. I admired the role played by marketers in the media industry. There is no need of similarities in appearance or character. Marketers have enthusiasm as a common attribute. Initially, I never thought numeracy is strongly considered in marketing. Marketing absorbs a wide range of personalities while also offering a wide range of opportunities in different sectors. It would be a great challenge for me to be employed in the retail sector. This is because it has among the lowest income rates. It may be tiresome without any positive results. However, it offers opportunities to understand the customer, and the market. The presentation by Deloitte made to long for the company but I note how much they value good academic grades before other attributes are put into consideration. I need to join academic and social clubs at the university for me polish my attributes as well as learn about about emerging career opportunities. My knowledge about the magazine industry is that they value fashion very much. The leaders in marketing must be the first to wear an eme rging trend. You magazine features have to generate debate. You must not copy from others especially those whom you share the same market. This makes hiring artists and designers necessary. I have learnt, through this module, how import it is for a marketing student to obtain work experience through internships. I have to target a work placement with my potential employer as statistics indicate that 36% of employers are most likely to employ those graduates who have already worked with them (High Flyers report 2012). Without work placements, one is left out of employment opportunities. I have learnt that employers are discontented with the type of graduate recruits they meet mainly because of their lack of business and customer awareness. I must study recent surveys on customer needs and preferences in my target industry. In addition to this, I should know the overall consumer behavior. I have learnt that when employers refer to knowledge they refer to analytical skills. Employabili ty refers to possession of personal attributes. These attributes are applicable in all sectors, and are never outdated. They are in demand in all fields. In future I will apply my excellent fluency as a complement to numerical skills that I am developing. References Andreanoff, 2012 (mentoring scheme).  BAT Graduate Careers Eastern Europe, MT Selection Process, 2009, British American Tobacco. Web. Carson, D., Gilmore, A., Perry, C., Gronhaug, K., 2001, Qualitative Marketing Research, SAGE Publications, London. CBI/NUS 2011, Working towards your future: making the most out of your time in higher education, March. Ciletti, D. 2011, Marketing Yourself, South-Western, Cengage Learning, Mason. Edenborough, R. 2005, Assessment methods in Recruitment, Selection Performance, Kogan Page Ltd., London. Francis, 2012 (Andrew Francis on R$S). Hall, E. 2012 (Emma Hall’s master classes). Heffernan, T., Feng, W., Angell, R., and Fang, Y., 2010, Employability and Marketing Education: Insi ghts from the United Kingdom, University of Plymouth, UK. High Flyers Research 2012, The Graduate Market in 2012, High Flyers Research Ltd, London. Mansfield University 2011, Marketing Job Positions.  Web. Prospects 2012, Interview tests and exercises, Assessment centres, Graduate Prospects. Web. Research and Education Association 1997, Careers for the year 2000 and beyond, Research Education Association, New Jersey. Snowdon, G. 2010, What to do with a degree in marketing, The Guardian, 30 January. Web. Stanley, A. 2003, Careers in Marketing and Public Relations, Kogan Page Ltd., London. Steinberg, M. 2006, Opportunities in Marketing Careers, McGraw Hill Companies, New York. Univar Graduate Scheme , Univar a transformational chemical distribution partner, 2012. Web. Victoria University 2011, Work wizard- what can I do with my marketing degree.  Web. Zarrella, D. 2010, The social Media Marketing Book, O’Reilly Media, Sebastopol. 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